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Ethereum Founder Buterin Lays Out Possible Futures For ETH

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In a blog post released on October 14, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined potential future enhancements for the Ethereum protocol, focusing on technical improvements to its proof-of-stake (PoS) system. Titled “Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 1: The Merge,” the post delves into strategies to improve stability, performance, and accessibility while addressing centralization risks.

First, Buterin reflects on Ethereum’s successful transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake aka “The Merge” nearly two years ago, noting that “this proof of stake has performed remarkably well in stability, performance and avoiding centralization risks.” However, he emphasized that “there still remain some important areas in which proof of stake needs to improve.”

Future Enhancements For Ethereum

One of the primary focuses of the post is achieving single slot finality and reducing the minimum staking requirement to democratize participation in the network. Currently, it takes 2-3 epochs (approximately 15 minutes) to finalize a block, and a minimum of 32 ETH is required to become a validator. Buterin highlights the conflict between minimizing the staking requirement, reducing finality time, and minimizing node overhead.

“Today, it takes 2-3 epochs (~15 min) to finalize a block, and 32 ETH is required to be a staker,” he wrote. He identified the goals of finalizing blocks in one slot and allowing validators to stake with as little as 1 ETH. “Poll after poll repeatedly show that the main factor preventing more people from solo staking is the 32 ETH minimum,” Buterin notes.

To address these challenges, he discusses several approaches. One involves implementing better signature aggregation protocols, potentially using zero-knowledge proofs (ZK-SNARKs), to process signatures from millions of validators in each slot. Another approach is the introduction of Orbit Committees, a mechanism where a randomly selected medium-sized committee finalizes the chain while preserving the cost-of-attack properties. “Orbit takes advantage of pre-existing heterogeneity in validator deposit sizes to get as much economic finality as possible, while still giving small validators a proportionate role,” he explains.

Buterin also considers creating a two-tiered staking system with different deposit requirements, where only the higher-deposit tier is directly involved in providing economic finality. He acknowledges that “the risks depend heavily on the specific rights that the lower staking tier gets,” and that certain designs could lead to centralization.

Addressing security vulnerabilities related to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on known validators, Buterin proposes the implementation of Single Secret Leader Election (SSLE) protocols. “The best way to fix the DoS issue is to hide the information about which validator is going to produce the next block, at least until the moment when the block is actually produced,” he states.

SSLE protocols use cryptographic techniques to create “blinded” validator IDs, ensuring that only the owner of a blinded ID can generate a valid proof to propose a block without others knowing their identity. However, Buterin acknowledges the challenges: “We highly value Ethereum being a reasonably simple protocol, and we do not want complexity to increase further. SSLE implementations that we’ve seen add hundreds of lines of spec code, and introduce new assumptions in complicated cryptography.”

He also explored methods to reduce Ethereum’s transaction confirmation time from the current 12 seconds to as low as 4 seconds, emphasizing the value of decreasing confirmation times for improving user experience and aiding decentralized Layer 2 solutions. Strategies include reducing slot times and allowing proposers to publish pre-confirmations over the course of a slot. However, Buterin cautions about potential centralization risks and the need for proper incentives, noting that “if we add an attester-proposer separation mechanism, then execution blocks will not need SSLE, because we could rely on block builders being specialized.”

Buterin also touches on additional critical areas, including 51% attack recovery. He suggests that while full automation is impossible, “we can achieve partial automation […] ensuring that the bad guys in an attack at least cannot get a quick clean victory.” He also considers increasing the quorum threshold for block finalization from 67% to 80% to enhance security, arguing that “this seems a much healthier situation than ‘the wrong side’ getting an instant victory.”

Concluding his blog post, Buterin warns of the importance to prepare for the potential threat of quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems: “This justifies conservatism in the assumptions around performance of proof-of-stake designs, and also is a cause to be more proactive to develop quantum-resistant alternatives.”

At press time, ETH traded at $2,524.

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ETH price, 1-week chart | Source: ETHUSDT on TradingView.com

Featured image from Bloomberg, chart from TradingView.com



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Ethereum

Ethereum Enters Historic Buy Zone As Price Dips Below Key Level – Insights

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Ethereum is currently trading at a critical resistance level as bulls attempt to regain momentum and push for a fresh high. The broader market remains under pressure as global uncertainty escalates, largely fueled by ongoing trade tensions between the United States and China. Last week, US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day tariff pause on all countries except China, intensifying concerns about an extended trade conflict that could destabilize global financial markets.

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In this high-stakes environment, Ethereum’s price action is drawing close attention from investors and analysts. Top crypto analyst Ali Martinez shared that historically, the best Ethereum buying opportunities have emerged when the price drops below the lower MVRV (Market Value to Realized Value) Price Band—a level that signals potential undervaluation. Notably, ETH is now trading precisely in that zone.

This alignment between technical conditions and macroeconomic instability suggests that Ethereum could be entering a phase of accumulation, with long-term investors looking to capitalize on discounted prices. However, sustained upward momentum will depend on whether bulls can overcome immediate resistance and whether macro conditions improve. The coming days could prove pivotal for ETH as it tests both technical and psychological thresholds.

Ethereum Dips Into Historical Opportunity Zone

Ethereum is currently trading below key resistance levels after enduring several weeks of selling pressure and weak market performance. Since losing the crucial $2,000 support level, ETH has fallen roughly 21%, a clear indication that bulls have yet to regain control. Broader macroeconomic pressures, especially rising global tensions and uncertain trade conditions between the US and China, have further dampened market sentiment. These conditions have driven many investors to exit riskier assets like cryptocurrencies, leading to elevated volatility and reduced market participation.

Despite this downtrend, some analysts believe Ethereum could be nearing a pivotal turnaround zone. According to Martinez, one of the best historical signals for Ethereum accumulation has been price action dipping below the lower bound of the MVRV Price Band—a metric that compares market value to realized value to assess whether an asset is over- or undervalued. Currently, Ethereum is trading beneath that lower band.

Ethereum MVRV pricing bands | Source: Ali Martinez on X
Ethereum MVRV pricing bands | Source: Ali Martinez on X

Martinez emphasizes that this positioning has typically preceded strong upside reversals, especially during periods of extreme market pessimism. While short-term volatility may persist, ETH’s entry into this zone could present a rare opportunity for long-term investors to accumulate at historically discounted levels—if market conditions stabilize and sentiment shifts.

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ETH Stalls In Tight Range

Ethereum is currently trading at $1,610 after nearly a week of low volatility and sideways action. Since last Tuesday, ETH has remained locked in a tight range between $1,550 and $1,630, reflecting the market’s uncertainty and hesitation to take a clear directional stance. This narrow trading zone highlights a period of price compression, often a precursor to a larger move in either direction.

ETH trading in a narrow range | Source: ETHUSDT chart on TradingView
ETH trading in a narrow range | Source: ETHUSDT chart on TradingView

For bulls to regain momentum and shift sentiment, Ethereum must reclaim the $1,700 level and push decisively above the $2,000 mark. These levels not only serve as key psychological barriers but also represent critical zones of previous support that have now turned into resistance. A breakout above $2,000 would likely trigger renewed buying interest and set the stage for a potential recovery rally.

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However, if bearish pressure builds and the $1,550 floor is breached, Ethereum could quickly test the $1,500 support zone. A breakdown below that level would confirm further downside risk, potentially accelerating sell-offs and deepening the current correction. Until a breakout or breakdown occurs, traders should prepare for more consolidation and volatility as the market awaits a macro or technical catalyst.

Featured image from Dall-E, chart from TradingView 



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Ethereum Consolidates In Symmetrical Triangle: Expert Predicts 17% Price Move

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Ethereum has staged an impressive comeback, surging 21% from its $1,380 low to current levels following a week of intense selling pressure. The rally began last Wednesday, triggered by a major geopolitical development: US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on reciprocal tariffs for all countries except China, which now faces a steep 145% tariff. The announcement injected a wave of optimism across global markets, with Ethereum among the top beneficiaries.

Related Reading: Bitcoin Whales Haven’t Made Their Exit Yet – Is The Bull Cycle Still Intact?

Despite this bullish recovery, ETH remains below critical resistance levels, and the broader price structure continues to form a consolidation pattern. The market now awaits confirmation of whether this rebound will evolve into a full reversal or simply a relief rally amid continued macroeconomic uncertainty.

Crypto analyst Ali Martinez shared a technical chart on X, highlighting that Ethereum is currently consolidating within a symmetrical triangle on the hourly chart. According to Martinez, this pattern typically signals an imminent breakout, and if ETH breaks upward, it could trigger a 17% move to the upside.

As traders and investors watch closely, Ethereum’s next directional move will likely depend on both technical confirmations and broader sentiment around US-China trade tensions and their impact on risk assets.

Ethereum Faces Critical Resistance Amid Macroeconomic Uncertainty

Ethereum is trading at a pivotal resistance level that could determine the next major move in the market. After rebounding 21% from its $1,380 low, ETH now sits just below key levels that, if reclaimed, could spark a broader recovery rally. Despite this strong bounce, macroeconomic tensions remain in focus, with ongoing uncertainty around US tariffs and foreign policy—especially the 145% tariff on China—keeping investors cautious.

The crypto market, like equities, continues to be shaped by global developments. While some analysts believe Ethereum has already priced in the worst of the downturn, others argue that the recent rally is only a temporary relief within the early stages of a broader bear market. The debate reflects the current state of sentiment: mixed and driven more by short-term reactions than long-term conviction.

However, from a technical standpoint, Ethereum may be setting up for a decisive move. According to Martinez, ETH is currently consolidating within a symmetrical triangle on the hourly chart. This pattern often precedes a breakout, and Martinez suggests that a 17% move could follow. If Ethereum breaks to the upside, it could push the price back toward the $2,000 level—a psychological and technical milestone for the asset.

Ethereum testing critical resistance | Source: Ali Martinez on X
Ethereum testing critical resistance | Source: Ali Martinez on X

For now, all eyes are on whether bulls can maintain momentum and breach the upper trendline of the triangle. A strong breakout could signal a shift in the broader market narrative, transforming current consolidation into the foundation for a sustained rally. Still, given the unstable macro environment, traders remain cautious, watching for confirmation before fully committing to a bullish thesis.

ETH Bulls Face Key Resistance Ahead

Ethereum is trading at $1,670 after briefly setting a fresh 4-hour high around $1,691—slightly above the previous peak. This minor breakout signals that bullish momentum is building, but it remains fragile. To confirm a full reversal and begin a true recovery rally, ETH must reclaim the $1,875 level, which aligns with both the 4-hour 200-day moving average (MA) and the exponential moving average (EMA).

ETH testing 4-hour resistance | Source: ETHUSDT chart on TradingView
ETH testing 4-hour resistance | Source: ETHUSDT chart on TradingView

These indicators have acted as strong dynamic resistance throughout Ethereum’s recent downtrend, and only a decisive break above them would validate bullish control and potentially trigger a surge back toward the $2,000 level. A move past $1,875 would also indicate a shift in short-term market structure, giving bulls the confidence needed to drive higher highs.

However, if Ethereum fails to push through this critical resistance zone, the asset risks returning to lower demand levels. A rejection at these moving averages could send ETH back to $1,500 or even lower, especially if broader market sentiment deteriorates. With macroeconomic uncertainty and tariff-related volatility still looming, bulls need to act fast—or risk losing the progress made during this recovery attempt. For now, all eyes are on the $1,875 threshold.

Featured image from Dall-E, chart from TradingView 

Editorial Process for bitcoinist is centered on delivering thoroughly researched, accurate, and unbiased content. We uphold strict sourcing standards, and each page undergoes diligent review by our team of top technology experts and seasoned editors. This process ensures the integrity, relevance, and value of our content for our readers.



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Ethereum Accumulators At A Crucial Moment: ETH Realized Price Tests Make-Or-Break Point

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Compared to other major crypto assets in the market, Ethereum’s price performance is still lagging, and it has been unable to make any significant upward move in months. Given the prolonged waning price performance, on-chain data shows that a substantial portion of ETH investors are currently in the red.

ETH Realized Price Nears Breaking Point

FundingVest, an on-chain data analyst and verified author, revealed that Ethereum’s market dynamics have reached a decisive moment. In the post on the X (formerly Twitter) platform, FundingVest highlighted that ETH’s accumulation addresses are now at a pivotal juncture as the altcoin’s realized price teeters on a critical make-or-break level.

After navigating the ETH Realized Price For Accumulation Addresses metric, it appears that the asset has broken below the cost basis of accumulation wallet addresses. This make-or-break moment is likely to determine whether Ethereum experiences more selling pressure that would shake the network’s faith or regain its upward momentum.

Presently, ETH is trending under the realized price of long-term holders, a crucial level that usually serves as solid support for the altcoin in bullish cycles. One thing is certain: When the price falls below the long-term holders’ realized price, caution is advised, as this development might lead to significant losses in the future. Meanwhile, a quick reclaim above this level hints at a potential bullish reversal in price.

Ethereum
ETH falls below the cost basis of accumulation wallet addresses | Source: FundingVest on X

According to the expert, this indicates mounting strain on wallets that amassed significant wealth between the 2020 and 2021 market cycles. Dips below the long-term holders’ realized price are uncommon and frequently brief in the past. 

However, persistent weakness in the zone can point to a more significant change in the market. With ETH’s current market price dropping below the average cost basis of these accumulators, this raises questions about its sustainability and prospects. 

ETH Supply In Profit Drops Below Levels Of Past Bear Market

ETH continues to face bearish pressure, limiting its potential for a major price rally. This persistent downward movement led to a historic low in the percentage of Ethereum supply in profit, indicating a weak market sentiment.

Crypto analyst and trader Venturefounder reported that the ETH percentage supply in profit has fallen to 40%. According to the expert, this level is lower than the last bear market cycle bottom, around 42% when the altcoin was trading at the $800 mark.

Considering the sharp drop, Venturefounder claims it is already a clear signal to deploy. Although the drop in supply profit calls for alarm, there is still a positive side to the development, especially if it falls to about 30%. Should it ever reach 30%, which is the green zone on the chart, the expert noted that it will create generational buy opportunities for investors.

Venturefounder also revealed in another post that the ETH Realized Price Multiple has declined to its last cycle bottom level. The expert considers this drop another on-chain buy signal for the altcoin.

Ethereum
ETH trading at $1,591 on the 1D chart | Source: ETHUSDT on Tradingview.com

Featured image from Pixabay, chart from Tradingview.com

Editorial Process for bitcoinist is centered on delivering thoroughly researched, accurate, and unbiased content. We uphold strict sourcing standards, and each page undergoes diligent review by our team of top technology experts and seasoned editors. This process ensures the integrity, relevance, and value of our content for our readers.



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